International Research Journal of Religious Studies
International Research Journal of Religious Studies (IRJRS) is a peer reviewed International scholarly journal published by Al-Zouq Educational Research Centre. The journal is dedicated to the scholarly study of all aspects of religions.The Journal “International Research Journal of Religious Studies” is a multi-disciplinary endeavor dedicated to the scholarly study of various aspects of religion and the religious world. Special attention is paid to works dealing with Islamic Philosophy, mysticism, interfaith dialogue and Islamic culture and civilization. The journal seeks to place Islam and its traditions in the light of spirituality and rationality with its pragmatic and tremendous values and to encourage comprehensive consideration of in many facets: to provide a forum for the study of religions with special academic inquiry and in global context; to promote interaction among academics from multiple traditions of learning and exchange and discussion of research findings.“International Research Journal of Religious Studies” will provide a vehicle to help academics, researchers, policy makers to educate, influence and share information to learn from each other’s work as well as to provide a research forum to explore new solutions to new rising problems.
International Research Journal of Religious Studies (IRJRS)
ORIENTALISTS’PERSPECTIVES ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF JIHAD: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Islamic teachings have been objected to in one form or another in every age. There is mostly a class in it, which hates and wants to alienate the modern class from the truth of Islam and its usefulness. Which are known among the scholars as Orientalists. They targeted jihad, the main pillar of religion, in different ways. A practical attempt was made to link the Islamic concept of jihad with terrorism. The Orientalists have put a lot of emphasis on it. The general objections to jihad are the same as those repeatedly repeated by orientalists. Every new orientalist raises the same objection again after changing words and interpretations. The main objectives behind this are to eliminate the usefulness of Islamic teachings and not to allow attention to Western crimes in contemporary terms. Another reason why Orientalists raise objections in a new way each time is their bias, due to which they ignore the clear commandments of Islam and make accusations against Islam that are rejected in the Qur'an and Sunnah. But the main reason for repeating these objections in a new way is to increase the problem's importance from nonsense and mislead the simple minds. The above discussion will critically look at the reasons for the Orientalists objecting to the philosophy of Jihad, the Orientalist view of Jihad, and the reasons and motivations for the objection, to become aware of the reality of the Orientalist opinion regarding the philosophy of Jihad.
Orientalists, Justice, philosophy, Jihad, Islamic, Qur'an and Sunnah, usefulness, Interpretations.
The paper provides a historical overview of Palestine, tracing its rich heritage and the significance of the land in Islamic history and tradition. It highlights the deep-rooted connections between Muslims and the land of Palestine, encompassing religious, cultural, and spiritual dimensions.Delving into contemporary realities, the paper examines the challenges faced by Palestinians, including occupation, displacement, and marginalization. It explores the impact of political conflict, economic hardship, and social injustices on the lives of Palestinians, drawing attention to their resilience and steadfastness in the face of adversity.From a Muslim perspective, the paper explores the significance of Palestine as a symbol of Muslim identity and solidarity. It examines the sense of belonging and attachment that Muslims around the world feel towards Palestine, viewing it as a central aspect of their faith and collective consciousness.The paper discusses the quest for justice, peace, and self-determination for the Palestinian people. It advocates for a just and equitable resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict based on principles of international law, human rights, and Islamic ethics, emphasizing the importance of dialogue, reconciliation, and mutual respect.Highlighting the role of Islam in empowering Palestinian communities, the paper explores forms of resistance, resilience, and solidarity that emerge from Islamic teachings and values. It celebrates the efforts of Palestinians to preserve their cultural heritage, uphold their rights, and pursue justice through non-violent means.Lastly, the paper underscores the importance of global solidarity and advocacy efforts in supporting the Palestinian cause. It calls upon Muslims and people of conscience worldwide to stand in solidarity with Palestinians, amplify their voices, and work towards a just and lasting resolution to the conflict. Through this Muslim perspective on the Palestinian narrative, the paper aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the complexities surrounding the Palestinian struggle and to advocate for a future of peace, justice, and dignity for all inhabitants of the region.
historical background, Occupied Palestine, Israel-Palestine Conflict, peaceful society.
FORMS OF REVELATION TO THE PROPHETS AND THEIR USEFULNESS: A RESEARCH STUDY
It belongs to Allah, who creates the system of the world and entrusts it with responsibilities, and the Prophet (PBUH) has been commanded to obey the commands of the Lord of the Universe and to take advantage of the things he has created according to His commands and methods. It is impossible to follow the commandments and take full advantage of the objects of the universe without any definite argument, so for this purpose Allah blessed humanity with the wealth of knowledge. The highest of the means of acquiring knowledge is the status of revelation. Revelation reveals the purposes of objects, real and legitimate and illegal, lawful and sacred, and the method of use and determination. The knowledge of revelation reaches humanity through Allah's favorite beings [prophets], the source of the absolute, through which humanity knows the truth of the truth and the things. It is determined to access beliefs and ideas, as well as religious and rational necessity, without which it is impossible to live and improve life. Revelation is a means of knowing The Constitution of Allah, which informs the change of commands for humanity given time and circumstances, and is also a guarantee of strengthening the relationship between the Creator and the creation. The above topic has been chosen to examine the method of revelation to the prophets and its usefulness.
Revelation, Humanity, Religious, lawful and sacred, Holy Quran, Responsibilities, Circumstances.
CRITICAL REVIEW OF SELECTED JURISPRUDENTIAL ARTICLES OF ALLAMA RAHMAT ULLAH TARIQ
The religion of Islam has the distinction of having the most academic work towards the teachings of the Islamic Shari'ah from the practical steps till today. Whether it is promoting and spreading the religion of Islam showing bias in it or denying the perfection and comprehensiveness of Shariat. Like other sciences and arts, many thinkers and people of intellect and knowledge tried to present rational explanations of the rules of Islamic Shari'ah keeping in mind rational debates and made rational debates their academic abode. Such thinkers who ignored the basic ideas and thoughts of religion in presenting these rational points and arguments were looked upon with admiration and the views of the philosophers who ignore the basic beliefs and principles of Islamic Sharia due to rationality were proven wrong. Thanks to scientific thought and historical awareness, it has been considered good and good to use rational discussions for the understanding of religion, provided that it does not turn humanity away from religious beliefs. Scholars, thinkers and philosophers have made such discussions and scientific efforts since ancient times. Such thinkers were also born in the sub-continent of Pakistan and India, who followed to reach the reality of objects by using logical and philosophical methods, among them is Rehmat Ullah Tariq. Below will be presented a critical review of some jurisprudential articles of Allama Rehmat ullah Tariq, which will give knowledge about his intellectual quest and jurisprudential theory.
Rehmat ullah Tariq, Jurisprudential theory, Philosophers, sub-continent, Islamic Shari'ah.
CONCEPT OF VIOLENCE IN THE OLD TESTAMENT AND ITS CONTEMPORARY MEANING :AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
Violence refers to causing the society to be unruly and destroying the peace and public situation, due to which human freedom will be distorted. The Old Testament includes five basic books related to Prophet Moses (AS) and with it 39 the Old Testament is applied to the rest of the books. In the Old Testament, killing or taking someone's right out of anger is prohibited. In the same way, all such affairs, namely lying, cheating, immorality, cruelty and all the affairs that promote evil, which destroy and ruin society, have been ordered to be avoided. And it encourages all members of the community to spend time together. According to the Old Testament, destroying and killing a person is like destroying all humanity and the world, and saving someone's life is defined as saving humanity. Just as Violence in the land is prohibited in Islamic teachings, in the same way, it was taught to avoid it in the Old Testament. There may be some differences in the process and method, but the general order is the same. From the contemporary perspective, it is essential to see and evaluate the fact that the teachings related to the Violence of the Old Testament are being followed and to be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of those teachings. Yes, given this, the above title has been made the subject of research.
Old Testament, Violence, immorality, cruelty, destroying and killing, Humanity, World.
STREET POWER AND ELECTORAL PERFORMANCE OF ISLAMIC PARTIES IN PAKISTANI POLITICS 1947-2002: AN HISTORICAL STUDY
In Pakistan, Islamic political parties have huge force and counted among the elite groups that influence political processes and decision-making in Pakistan which include the military, bureaucratic, political elites, landlord and business elite.. These parties have a immense street power. But they have not perfomed well in terms of votes in Pakistan's elections over the years. They exercised influence not only during the years of the Afghan jehad, but also continue to play a role in politics since independence. Despite the fact that they have never been able to do well in terms of votes in Pakistan's elections. The Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), the Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Islam (JUI) and the Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Pakistan (JUP) have never got majority in the National Assembly. Yet these parties are at the forefront on issues like the establishment of Shariat Courts and legislation on subjects like ushr, zakat or blasphemy. The masses follow these parties, whether it is in denigrating, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto or Nawaz Sharif on issue of disintegrating Pakistan in 1971 or "sell-out" on Kargil, or in starting a campaign against the US attitude on various issues. This article deals to dig out the reasons that despite of having such huge following, why they could not get clear electoral support and victory. The history of only three parties i.e.the JI, the JUI and the JUP till 2002, is given.
Afghan jehad, Political Parties, Religious Parties, Street Politics.
PRIMITIVE APPROACH OF ISLAMIC STATES: A CHALLENGE TO MUSLIMS
This is a work that sorts out a few challenges faced by Islam and Muslims in the modern world; referencing global Islamic representation and acquiring knowledge as key goals. It has been seen that misinterpretation of Islam by the Western media and the Western ideologies incorporated by the addition of western civilization are major challenges faced by Islam and Muslims today. The issue of sectarianism, downfall in the socio-economic power of Muslim nations, and the primitive approach of the Islamic states were found as major factors of the problems of Muslim Ummah. Therefore, to conclude the report it is proved that the main reasons for these problems are not the religion but the behavior of some Muslims and non-Muslims is responsible for the catastrophic condition of Islam and Muslims. Few suggestions have been made at the end in light of the teachings of Islam to solve these problems.
Modern World, Muslims, socio-economic, non-Muslims, current problems.
CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS: A CRITICAL REVIEW IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
Civilizations have a profound impact on human history and contemporary global affairs. They shape the cultural, economic, political, and technological landscape of the world, influencing social norms, values, and institutions. Civilizations contribute to the development of human knowledge and understanding, foster cultural exchange and diversity, and provide individuals with a sense of identity and belonging. However, civilizations also face challenges, including conflicts, environmental degradation, and social inequality, which require collective efforts to address and overcome. Many historians have discussed the elements, details and factors of civilization. After the end of “Cold war” debate started among the intellectuals as well as policy makers in USA about the future shape of world politics. While participating in this debate, Samuel Philips Huntington wrote his renowned article “The Clash of Civilization?” in foreign Affairs in 1993. In this article, Huntington gave an interpretation about the future shape of world politics in the post-cold war era. He took difference in Civilization as one of the important source of conflicts in the world. In this article, Huntington’s theory “The Clash of Civilization?” has been critically analyzed in the context of contemporary international political system and Role of West in it. Huntington attempted to explain emerging structure of international politics and western Role in it, while taking civilization as unit of analysis. However Huntington is futuristic in his approach.
Samuel Philips, civilization, Cold war, political, USA, Global affairs.
THE CRITICAL REVIEW OF “WOMEN’S MARCH’’ IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
Islam is the universal religion which gave a high position to women and determined the rights and responsibilities of men and women in all matters. If you take a look at this code of life that was given 1400 years ago, you will surely understand that the protection, honor and status that Islam has given to women is nowhere else. Efforts are being made about the rights of women and they are being highlighted through good slogans, their only aim is to end the position and status of women in society which Islam gives to women. The activities that are going on in the name of feminism in the western society, instead of increasing the respect of women, are leading to their constant humiliation, and because of them, the woman herself has become a victim of oppression and exploitation. In Pakistan, although women’s activism was initiated since the country came into existence, but a diverse activism was observed by the nation in the form of ‘Aurat March, during 2018-2021. The current study examines the Western feminism, what it was initiated for and its accomplishments in the current time. By employing a discourse analysis approach to the ‘Aurat March event, this study highlights the women’s activism in Pakistan. It also observes the relationship between western feminism and ‘Aurat March activism from the perspective of Islamic teachings. There is a need to build a framework in which one may be able to differentiate women’s rights in the context of western feminism and the limitation of women’s emancipation in Islamic context.
Aurat March, Women, Pakistan, women’s activism, Relationship,Western Feminism.
CONTEMPORARY USES OF QIRAT AND THE WISDOM OF THE QUR'AN IN SEVEN LETTERS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY
The Holy Qur’an is the eternal source of the growth and guidance of humanity which was revealed to the last Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and he (peace be upon him) explained the Qur’anic sciences based on his position as an interpreter and in the form of the class of Companions. He left an incomparable teacher for the reform and education of humanity. Later scholars further developed these sciences and gave each of them the status of a formal art. Just as the teaching of the meaning and demands of the Holy Quran was the official duty of the Prophet ﷺ, in the same way, reading the Qur'anic verses himself and then informing the Ummah about their manners and practices was also one of the duties of the Prophet ﷺ. Therefore, where the meanings and demands of the Holy Qur'an are important, the words of the Qur'an are also important and great. For the preservation and protection of the words of the Qur'an, Rasakhin fi-ul-Ilam, the permanent art that the scholars of the Qur'an have compiled is called Ilm al-Qara'at and a sub-discussion of seven letters is of great importance. Like the importance of interpretation, the usefulness of knowledge of reading is unquestionable. If the recitation is not correct, there is a difference in understanding. Due to different recitations, the difference in meaning is not clear and they cannot be helped in deriving rulings, and it proves to help reject false thoughts. The wisdom of Quranic revelation was highlighted.
Quranic Revelation, Seven Alphabets, Ilm al-Qara'at, Qur’anic sciences, Holy Qur'an, knowledge, Humanity.
TRAINING AND IMPROVEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS, SOCIAL OBSTACLES AND REMEDIES IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
For the reformation of any society, it is necessary to train the individuals of the society because the society is made of individual. For the righteous society it is important to prepare such people who will play an important role for the reformation and development and prosperity of the society what is the role of training of the individual in the reformation of the society how and individual can reform society is discussed in this article.This article also explains how useful woman can be in reforming society. This article also discusses the social responsibilities of an individual. It has also been highlighted such individuals can be produced by developing the curriculum on Islamic lines which is helpful for righteous society. The need and importance of youth training for reforming the society has been discussed. The article also draws attention to what obstacles stand in the way of righteous society today and how can they be eliminated.
Society, Training, Man, Barriers, Remediations.
DISADVANTAGES OF NEGATIVE SOCIAL ATTITUDES AND THEIR SOLUTION IN THE LIGHT OF SEERAHﷺ
Every human being needs other human beings to meet his needs and other requirements of his life. The environment created as a result of their interaction is called society. Behavior is called human habit or the way every human being treats other human beings. And the behavior that human beings have to go through as a result of their relationship with each other can be called the social behavior of human beings. There are many factors, causes and motives in making and spoiling a person's attitudes, habits and behaviors. The basic environment where a man is born, where he grows up, he hears from his parents and then learns to react. As a result of this listening, learning and speaking, actions and reactions are formed. These reactions to certain situations finally become his behavior. And he becomes accustomed to it. Another important factor in shaping a person's behavior is his area and neighborhood. he has friends. As he goes through childhood, he undergoes mental, physical, psychological and social changes year after year. The environment of educational institutions also has a great influence on it. Later, in practical life, government offices and private institutions also play an important role in shaping our attitudes and character. In which the aspect of intolerance seems to be ingrained in the society to a dangerous extent. As a result, there are serious measures in the society, ranging from minor rhetoric to murder. This article will highlight the disadvantages of negative attitudes and discuss the possibility of changing negative attitudes from society in the light of Sirat-un-Nabi.
Negative attitudes, society, social behavior, intolerance, sirat-un-nabi.
THE REVOLUTIONARY ROLE OF THE QUR'AN FOR THE REVIVAL OF UNIVERSAL COLLECTIVITY IN THE WORLD
There is no difference among all scholars that Man is a Social Animal , scholars agree that living together is part of human nature . As a result of this union many problems arise from this collectivity. which are related to both individuals and societies. There are two types of efforts to solve collective problems. One of which is related to human endeavours. And another means of solving human problems is divine revelation. According to Quranic teachings, the standard of collective reform is the individual and not the society. The quality of the collective vision of the Holy Quran is that this vision is compatible with the system of nature. And there is neither any contradiction nor conflict between the rules and regulations of human life that nature has set and the concept of collectivity of the Holy Qur'an. Rather, there is harmony in it. The purpose is that the Holy Qur'an organizes human collective institutions and natural organizations. Because these institutions are examples of nature's system. These institutions do not come into existence due to the efforts of human beings, nor do people get attached to these institutions by their own taste and intention. As a person is associated with a family, tribe, nation and homeland at the time of birth. The Holy Qur'an also provides guidance for the organization of these natural institutions. In the eyes of the Holy Qur'an, all human beings are equal; no human being is born superior to another. The collective equality taught by the Holy Qur'an is not a mental concept but a practical reality.
HolyQuran,Revolution,universal,Nature,Globalization,Devine knowledge.
A RESEARCH REVIEW OF PROPHET'S CONVERSATION AND ADDRESSEE STYLE AND MANNERS IN THE LIGHT OF SEERAH
Human is best creature of Allah (SWT). Allah has blessed humans with many qualities. One of His blessings on humans is ability to speak. Speaking ability makes human distinct among all creatures. The best among humans is Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) who was honored with best possible communication skills. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to use very concrete, specific and relevant words during his commination. The way he normally talk was cent percent understandable and was not leaving any ambiguity in the minds of listeners because his choice of words was excellent. While speaking whenever he was responsive as well, he used to smile whenever he listens anything to be smiled upon. Laughing with sound is against the Waqar. He never laughed with sound in his life. The traits of his communication were described by Hazrat Imam Hassan Hind Bin Abi Hala. Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) neither used excessive wordings nor used incomplete words which could create incompleteness in his speech [Al Shumail-ul-Mehmoodiya, Al Trimzi: 187]. He was very soft spoken with full of best suitable words. He used to start his discussion with Salam. He used to change the pitch of his sound according to the situation. In accordance with the capacity of listeners he used to repeat his words, as well. The perfect movement of his head and hands matches with his words. Seerat un Nabi (SAW) provides complete code of life and provides guidance for all ways of life. Communication is a major factor human traits, Islam provides guidance of good communication.
Seerah, commination, Conversation, addressee , listeners.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CODE OF HAMMURABI AND THE OLD TESTAMENT LAWS
A successful life is the one in which there are rules related to every matter and every religion in which there are rules in life that there are rules related to every matter, that religion is always the guarantor of law and equality and peace in the society.Hammurabi was a great ruler whose fame was due to his 282 laws which he had installed on a tablet and that tablet was eight feet long. The laws of Hammurabi are considered to be very ancient in the written laws of the world and he died before Jesus (peace be upon him), after which the laws were compiled in the Bible which are considered inspired. In the article under review, an attempt has been made to compare some of the laws of Hammurabi and the Bible to find out how similar and different their laws are.
Hammurabi,Old Testament , Laws , Code, Jesus.
INTERSECTION OF RITUAL PRACTICE AND SOCIAL IDENTITY IN ANCIENT GREEK RELIGION
In ancient Greek society, religion was not merely a matter of personal faith or individual spirituality; it was a deeply ingrained aspect of public and private life that permeated every layer of society. Ritual practices, including sacrifices, festivals, and mystery cults, were central to the expression of Greek religiosity. These rituals were not just religious acts but also powerful tools for constructing and reinforcing social identities. This paper explores the intersection of ritual practice and social identity in ancient Greek religion, focusing on how these practices shaped gender roles, civic identity, and social hierarchies.
Ancient Greek Religion, Ritual Practice, gender roles, mystery cults, Social Identity.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF DRUGS (NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAWS) WITH ISLAMIC LAWS
This study provides a comprehensive legal analysis of drug-related laws at both national and international levels, with a comparative examination of Islamic legal perspectives. It explores how different countries legislate against the production, distribution, and consumption of narcotics, focusing on the alignment and divergence between international treaties, such as the United Nations Conventions, and local legislation, particularly in Pakistan. Furthermore, the paper delves into Islamic jurisprudence on intoxicants, emphasizing the principles derived from the Qur'an, Hadith, and the consensus of scholars. The research highlights the effectiveness, challenges, and moral foundations of legal frameworks addressing drug abuse, while offering a critical comparison between secular and religious legal systems. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute towards a more ethical and effective legal approach to drug control by bridging modern law and Islamic principles.
Drug Laws,Islamic Law,Shariah Narcotics Control, Legal Analysis,Qur'an and Hadith Criminal Law,United Nations Drug Conventions.
THE OBLIGATIONS OF PROMISE AND MUTUAL PROMISE A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE AND PAKISTANI LEGAL FRAMEWORK
This study examines the concept of promises "الوعد" and mutual promises "المواعدة" in Islamic jurisprudence and their comparison with the Pakistani legal system. It provides a detailed exploration of the linguistic and terminological definitions of promises, alongside the interpretations of Islamic scholars from various schools of thought, such as Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali. The research highlights the differences in the understanding of promises between Islamic jurisprudence and the Pakistani Contract Act of 1872, emphasizing the obligations, permissibility, and enforceability of promises. Points of convergence include the prohibition of fulfilling promises involving unlawful acts, while notable divergences are observed regarding the enforceability of promises, where Islamic law typically considers them morally binding but not judicially enforceable except in specific cases, whereas Pakistani law mandates judicial enforceability. The study concludes with a comparison of the standards set by Islamic principles and the provisions of Pakistani civil law, focusing on areas of alignment and disagreement, and discussing the implications for financial and contractual practices in Islamic institutions operating within Pakistan.
Promise, Mutual Promise, Islamic Jurisprudence, Pakistani Law, Contract Law, Enforcement of Promises, Civil Law Comparison.
ANALYSIS OF ZOROASTRIANISM'S EFFECTS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
This paper examines the influence of Zoroastrianism on the development of international trade and its intersections with Islamic teachings. Zoroastrianism, one of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions, emphasized ethical commerce, mutual trust, and the protection of trade routes, laying a foundation for early economic interactions across regions such as Persia, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. With the advent of Islam in the 7th century, many of these principles were embraced, modified, and expanded upon within the framework of Islamic ethics. Islamic teachings on trade—such as fairness, honesty, and the prohibition of exploitative practices—align closely with the Zoroastrian focus on justice and social harmony in commerce. This study explores how Zoroastrian traders contributed to the Silk Road and other networks and how Islamic principles later shaped these practices into a cohesive framework that influenced trade across the medieval Islamic world. The analysis highlights the continuity and transformation of trade ethics, fostering intercultural dialogue and economic connectivity.
Zoroastrianism, Islamic teachings, international trade, trade ethics, economic history, Persia, religious influence.
SHAHZAD MANZAR'S NOVEL"THE LONELY TRAVELER OF DARK NIGHT"A CRITICAL REVIEW
One notable figure in Urdu literature is Shehzada Manzar, who is especially well-known for his work as a writer and journalist in Pakistan. His writings span a number of genres, including critical articles that analyse human experiences and social conventions, short stories, and a well-known novelette. Manzar is a key figure in modern Urdu literature because of his writing, which is distinguished by a profound comprehension of the intricacies of social issues and human emotions. The title of his novelette is the subject of a thorough analysis in this research paper, which also examines the cultural ramifications and layers of significance it contains. The study looks at how Manzar's story captures the complex social dynamics of Pakistan, especially with regard to mental health. It draws attention to the stigma associated with mental health conditions and stresses the importance of candid communication in promoting empathy and understanding. The report emphasises the significance of mental health as a crucial component of societal health by addressing these themes. The study also explores the urgent need for open dialogue around sexual issues in Pakistani society. Since these discussions are frequently frowned upon, many people feel alone and unsupported. These conversations are sparked by Manzar's writing, which promotes an environment in which people can open up about their experiences without worrying about being judged. According to the research, recognising and addressing sexual and mental health issues are crucial for both individual recovery and the advancement of society as a whole.This report, seen critically, promotes a change in society that would embrace and assist people who are dealing with mental health issues and sexual trauma. It urges everyone to work together to remove the obstacles preventing candid discussions in order to foster a society that is more caring and inclusive. In the end, the research's conclusions show how important literature is in shedding light on these important problems and opening the door to a more wholesome and compassionate society. Shehzada Manzar's work is one example of this.
Shehzada manzar's,social conventions, mental health, shedding light, poet literature.
A GLANCE ON THE JOURNEY FOR ISLAMIZATION OF LAWS IN PAKISTAN
The process Islamization is not of that high significance for the reason that almost all laws of the land are in accordance to the injunction of Islam. In this regard the first initiative was the formation of Federal Shariat Court, but that also was on some limited subjects. Except some of the laws in the land nearly all laws are in its original form and untouched, if any is done were just changing the name of the law or institution for instance there is no example in the history of Pakistan that anyone is stoned to death by Federal Shariat Court. Same is the case of interest in our system, in the far history of the state, so it can be said that the process of Islamization in Pakistan was not given the paramount importance and was nothing more than the creation of offices and giving favour to the people in the good list.
Islamization, Legal System, Federal Shariat Court and Criminal Laws.
RAZA ULLAH HAIDER STATUS AND RELICS ( A BIOGRAPHY)
Raza Ullah Haider is one of the prominent poets of Urdu. He was born at 1/4L village of Tehsil & District Okara in 1961. His ancestors migrated to Pakistan from Jalandhar ( India). His father was the village Headman. His father died owing to electrocution when Raza was only six years old. He passed matriculation examination from Islamia High School, New Campus Okara. Afterwards, he cleared FSc from Government College Sahiwal and passed B.A exam from Government College Okara. He acquired Masters degree in English from FC College. Later he passed the examination of M.A Urdu and M.A Islamiat from Punjab University as private candidate. He retired as Principal Government Graduate College Okara in November 2021. At present, six poetic volumes are at his credit. Among them , five pertains to Glory and Idealisation namely " Madina yad aata hai , Shakh e Sana per mahkay phool, Zia e Harmain, Takreem and Salsabeel". The remaining one is an Ode bearing title" Zakham Gulab huay ". Zia e Harmain is the recipient of Presidential Award. His compendium of poems" Parcham Buland Rakhna " is currently being finalised. Four Mphil theses have been completed upon his poetry, out of which one is being delivered by the undesigned with the title of" Raza Ullah as a Poet ". He remained indulged in reading throughout his life and loved the books. Secondly, he gave priority to teaching and adored his profession. Raza Ullah Haider is blessed with multiple capabilities. He is a great teacher and human being. Raza Ullah Haider is also a religious scholar. His approach towards religion is quite modern. It is his specialty that he addresses religious issues with rationalism. In short , he deals religion with open frame of mind and heart. He became disciple of Peer Syed Manzoor Ahmad Shah when he was quite young. He belongs to " Arain " clan of Jalandhar. Several of his poetic verses have a reference of " Gulistan , Chamanistan and Paristan". His poetry is manifestation of allied poetic terminologies in vogue. I can say with authority that he is one of the great human beings of the 21st Century.
Raza ullah Hadir, grand parents, student, lecturer, poet, principal, retierment.
DEPICTION OF NATURAL SCENES IN MUSTANSAR HUSSAIN TARAR'S TRAVELOGUES
Mustansar Hussain Tarar stands as a preeminent travelogue writer in Urdu literature, having transformed the genre of travel writing. His travelogues of Pakistan's northern regions exhibit a distinctive style, capturing the beauty of nature in a remarkable manner. Tarar's works vividly depict mountains, rivers, forests, waterfalls, snowfields, towering peaks, and lakes, showcasing their splendor. His journeys encompass regions such as Deosai, Ratti Gali, Chitral, Hunza, Shimshal, and Fairy Meadows, among others. These travelogues reveal countless hues of nature, presenting the enchanting landscapes of northern areas with exceptional charm. The integration of these breathtaking scenes in his travel narratives is unparalleled in Urdu literature. Furthermore, his travelogues serve as guidebooks for tourists, playing a significant role in promoting tourism in Pakistan.
Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Urdu Safarnama, Urdu Travelogue, Urdu Adab, Travelogue, Literature, Nature.
THE STATUS AND IMPORTANCE OF EARNING A LIVELIHOOD IN ISLAM
Earning a livelihood is regarded as both a fundamental duty and a form of worship.Islam encourages its followers to engage in productive activities and to contribute positively to society.The Prophet Muhammad(peace be upon Him) has highlighted the value of hardwork and self-reliance,teaching that is better to work and earn ones living than to depend on others.The faith underscores the dignity of labour,emphasizing that seeking lawful earning is important for individual’s self respect,family support and social contribution,The Quran and Hadith repeatedly encourage Muslims to engage in honest and productive work,viewing it as means of maintaining economic independence and fulfilling ones obligation towards others.This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the significance and principles of earning a livelihood in Islam and explores the significance of lawful(halal) earnings and the balance between religious duties and worldly responsibilities.The conclusions to be drawn from this research underscores that haram earnings can lead to societal harm and corrupts the individual’s soul .The teachings advocate for a balance lifestyle that accommodates both spiritual growth and material well being. There arises some key questions about the religious obligations of earning that what is the significance of earning a livelihood in Islamic teachings?How does Islam balance religious duties and worldly responsibilities?How does Islam differentiate between lawful (halal) and unlawful(haram) earnings.
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 International Research Journal of Religious Studies
AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF JUDAISM ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
Jewish principles and practices related to trade are examined, as well as their impact on the international level due to the contemporary practice of Jewish trade regulations. A comparison of Jewish commercial principles with Islamic commercial regulations is presented, considering historical context, religious texts, and modern manifestations of Jewish-influenced commercial practices. Furthermore, it analyzes how Islamic teachings intersect with these practices, highlighting areas of convergence or divergence. In addition, this study explores the multifaceted relationship between Judaism and international trade—highlights, which is contextualized in the ethical framework of Islamic teachings. Drawing from historical records, religious scriptures, and contemporary economic practices, it examines the influence of Jewish principles on world trade. Furthermore, the analysis extends to explore the compatibility of these principles with Islamic jurisprudence on business ethics, including concepts such as 'halal' (permissible) and 'haram' (forbidden). By examining the impact of Judaism on international trade in light of Islamic teachings, this research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the intersection between religious traditions in shaping economic attitudes and promoting interfaith dialogue on trade practices in a globalizing world. Judaism on international trade through the lens of Islamic teachings, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the interplay between religious ethics and economic behavior.
Judaism, Islamic Commercial, International Trade, Globalizing, economic, 'halal' and 'haram'.
A RESEARCH REVIEW OF THE DIFFICULTIES AND PROBLEMS FACED BY IMPRISONED CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN
It is the fundamental right of every child to be equipped with the best of education. Unfortunately, due to lack of proper education and training, guardian supervision, children become victims of such people, or become addicted to crimes and commit such crimes as a result of which they have to be locked up in prison cells. They are warned, they are also protected from committing crimes, but they are deprived of the training, compassion of parents, teachers and guardians. In prisons, where they are lonely and miss their parents and relatives, they also have to face many other problems and difficulties such as: housing problems, economic problems, education and training problems, medical and health problems, recreation problems and sexual problems. Here such difficulties and problems are analyzed.
juvenile problems, Crimes, Rights, Analyzed Borstal Institute.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE COVID 19 STRATEGIES OF SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES 1`
The new coronavirus that produced the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant influence on the economics, social fabric, and healthcare systems of South Asian countries. This study examines the epidemiology, readiness, and tactics of COVID-19 in the area, as well as its management. The research highlights the merits and limitations of different South Asian countries’ responses, analyzing them through qualitative analysis and comparative investigation. Important elements like age distribution patterns, immunization campaigns, testing capacities, and healthcare facilities are evaluated. The study also explores the difficulties vulnerable groups and high-density metropolitan regions confront, highlighting the necessity of efficient infectious disease management strategies. Through the integration of information from scholarly publications, government papers, and other sources, this study offers valuable perspectives on the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies in South Asia.This paper explores the application of health behavior theory and health communication models in understanding and addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in South Asian countries. Utilizing the Health Belief Model (HBM) and various health communication frameworks, the paper examines factors influencing the adoption of preventive behaviors such as mask-wearing, social distancing, and vaccination. It also assesses the effectiveness of communication strategies employed by South Asian countries, emphasizing the importance of source credibility and cultural sensitivity. The study underscores the significance of researching COVID-19 techniques in South Asia due to the region’s unique challenges and diverse socio-cultural contexts. The analysis of COVID-19 analytical study results, the identification of socioeconomic variables impacting the virus’s severity and transmission, the assessment of the virus’s impact on the healthcare system, and the comparison of national government responses are the main areas of study. The study’s primary goal is to look into vaccination rollout tactics and related issues in South Asian nations, such as public awareness and financial concerns. Examining cooperation between South Asian nations and the global community, evaluating communication tactics for sharing COVID-19 information, and determining pertinent factors and indicators to comprehend the effectiveness of COVID-19 initiatives are some of the sub-objectives. The policies of South Asian countries can be compared to identify differences in policy responses, healthcare systems, and testing methodologies. Early on in the epidemic, improper facilities and governance issues resulted from the early relaxation of social separation regulations. It is difficult to determine the pandemic’s true impact because of differences in testing capability and healthcare infrastructure, even in spite of reduced case fatality rates (CFRs). The paper discusses the importance of localized lockdowns in densely populated hotspots to curb the spread of COVID-19. It highlights gaps in response preparedness, including shortages of hospital beds, ventilators, and standardized treatment protocols, exacerbated by economic constraints. One notable strategy for managing pandemics is the implementation of smart lockdown measures in Pakistan. Although the study acknowledges shortcomings in data quality and individual-level analysis, it emphasizes the importance of education in the fight against misinformation and vaccine reluctance. Despite obstacles, regional alliances and cooperative initiatives provide a chance to lessen the effects of COVID-19 and promote sustainable development in South Asia.
Covid19,south Asian , strategies, communicate ,lockdown, preparedness.
REFLECTION OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY IN THE TRAVELOGUES OF HAKIM MUHAMMAD SAEED
Hakim Muhammad Saeed authored numerous travelogues in the Urdu language. He was a renowned intellectual, writer, and expert physician. His professional commitments required him to travel extensively around the world, attending various conferences and dealing with other matters. Among the countries he visited were Russia, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Switzerland, Norway, China, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Germany, Korea, France, and numerous others. During his travels, Hakim Muhammad Saeed meticulously gathered information on the political, historical, social, cultural, educational, medical, geographical, and administrative aspects of each country. He incorporated these observations into his travelogues, providing a comprehensive view of each place. Particularly, he focused on documenting the lifestyle, culture, and civilization of the regions he visited. His travelogues are esteemed as valuable social documents of the various regions, offering deep insights into the cultural and societal frameworks of the places he explored. Through his detailed accounts, readers gain an understanding of the diverse cultural landscapes and societal structures of the countries he visited.
Hakim Muhammad Saeed, Urdu Safarnama, Urdu Travelogue, Urdu Adab, Travelogue, Literature, Culture.
ASSESSMENT OF JEALOUSY IN KINDERGARTEN STAGE (INTRODUCTION, THEORIES & REMEDIES)
Jealousy is a complex emotion experienced by both children and adults, encompassing feelings of pain, distress, sadness, despair, revenge, and hatred. The earliest and simplest signs of jealousy often begin in early childhood, particularly when a new sibling is born. In this scenario, the older child may feel jealousy toward the newborn, who receives special care and privileges. This initial experience of jealousy can persist throughout various stages of life.It is important to note that jealousy can manifest in different contexts. For instance, an individual might feel envious of a friend's academic or professional success, or of a colleague who performs better. In cases of illness, a person might feel jealous of someone who is physically and mentally stronger, or who is in a better economic and social position. Women may experience jealousy towards someone who is younger or more beautiful.Psychiatrists tend to interpret jealousy in two primary ways. Behavioralists view jealousy as a normal, healthy response that can motivate individuals to strive for what they lack. This perspective sees jealousy as a driving force that encourages individuals to improve themselves. The second interpretation, supported by the school of psychological analysis, regards jealousy as a negative and unusual feeling. This view suggests that jealousy can lead to aggressive behaviour and a desire to harm one's rival.
Jealousy, Emotion, Childhood development, psychological analysis, Envy.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF ECONOMIC ISSUES IN SELECTED URDU INTERPRETATIONS (TAFAASEER)
In contemporary discourse, a common misconception is that Islam does not offer a comprehensive economic system. While it is true that the Quran, the primary source of Islamic law, does not discuss economics in the detailed manner of specialized economic textbooks, it provides essential principles guiding various aspects of life, including economics. This research investigates these principles as derived from Quranic verses, examining how classical and modern Urdu exegeses interpret them. The study focuses on the economic principles within the Quran, using four major Urdu commentaries: Maariful Quran by Mufti Muhammad Shafi, Tafheem-ul-Quran by Maulana Maududi, Tibyan-ul-Quran by Allama Ghulam Rasool Saeedi, and Rooh-ul-Quran by Pir Karam Ali Shah Al-Azhari. These commentaries were selected to explore whether Urdu scholars interpret the relevant verses through an economic lens. The findings demonstrate that the Quran provides timeless and universally applicable economic principles. These principles, when derived by the commentators, show that the Quranic approach to economics transcends time and can be implemented in any era, offering an alternative to contemporary capitalist and socialist systems. The research concludes that Islam proposes a complete economic system based on these principles, as evidenced by the thorough and principle-oriented interpretations found in the selected Urdu exegeses. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of Islamic economics and highlights its relevance and applicability in modern times.
Islamic economics, Quranic principles, Urdu Tafasir.