International Research Journal of Religious Studies
International Research Journal of Religious Studies (IRJRS) is a peer reviewed International scholarly journal published by Al-Zouq Educational Research Centre. The journal is dedicated to the scholarly study of all aspects of religions.The Journal “International Research Journal of Religious Studies” is a multi-disciplinary endeavor dedicated to the scholarly study of various aspects of religion and the religious world. Special attention is paid to works dealing with Islamic Philosophy, mysticism, interfaith dialogue and Islamic culture and civilization. The journal seeks to place Islam and its traditions in the light of spirituality and rationality with its pragmatic and tremendous values and to encourage comprehensive consideration of in many facets: to provide a forum for the study of religions with special academic inquiry and in global context; to promote interaction among academics from multiple traditions of learning and exchange and discussion of research findings.“International Research Journal of Religious Studies” will provide a vehicle to help academics, researchers, policy makers to educate, influence and share information to learn from each other’s work as well as to provide a research forum to explore new solutions to new rising problems.
International Research Journal of Religious Studies (IRJRS)
TRAINING AND IMPROVEMENT OF INDIVIDUALS, SOCIAL OBSTACLES AND REMEDIES IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
For the reformation of any society, it is necessary to train the individuals of the society because the society is made of individual. For the righteous society it is important to prepare such people who will play an important role for the reformation and development and prosperity of the society what is the role of training of the individual in the reformation of the society how and individual can reform society is discussed in this article.This article also explains how useful woman can be in reforming society. This article also discusses the social responsibilities of an individual. It has also been highlighted such individuals can be produced by developing the curriculum on Islamic lines which is helpful for righteous society. The need and importance of youth training for reforming the society has been discussed. The article also draws attention to what obstacles stand in the way of righteous society today and how can they be eliminated.
Society, Training, Man, Barriers, Remediations.
DISADVANTAGES OF NEGATIVE SOCIAL ATTITUDES AND THEIR SOLUTION IN THE LIGHT OF SEERAHﷺ
Every human being needs other human beings to meet his needs and other requirements of his life. The environment created as a result of their interaction is called society. Behavior is called human habit or the way every human being treats other human beings. And the behavior that human beings have to go through as a result of their relationship with each other can be called the social behavior of human beings. There are many factors, causes and motives in making and spoiling a person's attitudes, habits and behaviors. The basic environment where a man is born, where he grows up, he hears from his parents and then learns to react. As a result of this listening, learning and speaking, actions and reactions are formed. These reactions to certain situations finally become his behavior. And he becomes accustomed to it. Another important factor in shaping a person's behavior is his area and neighborhood. he has friends. As he goes through childhood, he undergoes mental, physical, psychological and social changes year after year. The environment of educational institutions also has a great influence on it. Later, in practical life, government offices and private institutions also play an important role in shaping our attitudes and character. In which the aspect of intolerance seems to be ingrained in the society to a dangerous extent. As a result, there are serious measures in the society, ranging from minor rhetoric to murder. This article will highlight the disadvantages of negative attitudes and discuss the possibility of changing negative attitudes from society in the light of Sirat-un-Nabi.
Negative attitudes, society, social behavior, intolerance, sirat-un-nabi.
THE REVOLUTIONARY ROLE OF THE QUR'AN FOR THE REVIVAL OF UNIVERSAL COLLECTIVITY IN THE WORLD
There is no difference among all scholars that Man is a Social Animal , scholars agree that living together is part of human nature . As a result of this union many problems arise from this collectivity. which are related to both individuals and societies. There are two types of efforts to solve collective problems. One of which is related to human endeavours. And another means of solving human problems is divine revelation. According to Quranic teachings, the standard of collective reform is the individual and not the society. The quality of the collective vision of the Holy Quran is that this vision is compatible with the system of nature. And there is neither any contradiction nor conflict between the rules and regulations of human life that nature has set and the concept of collectivity of the Holy Qur'an. Rather, there is harmony in it. The purpose is that the Holy Qur'an organizes human collective institutions and natural organizations. Because these institutions are examples of nature's system. These institutions do not come into existence due to the efforts of human beings, nor do people get attached to these institutions by their own taste and intention. As a person is associated with a family, tribe, nation and homeland at the time of birth. The Holy Qur'an also provides guidance for the organization of these natural institutions. In the eyes of the Holy Qur'an, all human beings are equal; no human being is born superior to another. The collective equality taught by the Holy Qur'an is not a mental concept but a practical reality.
HolyQuran,Revolution,universal,Nature,Globalization,Devine knowledge.
A RESEARCH REVIEW OF PROPHET'S CONVERSATION AND ADDRESSEE STYLE AND MANNERS IN THE LIGHT OF SEERAH
Human is best creature of Allah (SWT). Allah has blessed humans with many qualities. One of His blessings on humans is ability to speak. Speaking ability makes human distinct among all creatures. The best among humans is Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) who was honored with best possible communication skills. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) used to use very concrete, specific and relevant words during his commination. The way he normally talk was cent percent understandable and was not leaving any ambiguity in the minds of listeners because his choice of words was excellent. While speaking whenever he was responsive as well, he used to smile whenever he listens anything to be smiled upon. Laughing with sound is against the Waqar. He never laughed with sound in his life. The traits of his communication were described by Hazrat Imam Hassan Hind Bin Abi Hala. Prophet Muhammad’s (SAW) neither used excessive wordings nor used incomplete words which could create incompleteness in his speech [Al Shumail-ul-Mehmoodiya, Al Trimzi: 187]. He was very soft spoken with full of best suitable words. He used to start his discussion with Salam. He used to change the pitch of his sound according to the situation. In accordance with the capacity of listeners he used to repeat his words, as well. The perfect movement of his head and hands matches with his words. Seerat un Nabi (SAW) provides complete code of life and provides guidance for all ways of life. Communication is a major factor human traits, Islam provides guidance of good communication.
Seerah, commination, Conversation, addressee , listeners.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CODE OF HAMMURABI AND THE OLD TESTAMENT LAWS
A successful life is the one in which there are rules related to every matter and every religion in which there are rules in life that there are rules related to every matter, that religion is always the guarantor of law and equality and peace in the society.Hammurabi was a great ruler whose fame was due to his 282 laws which he had installed on a tablet and that tablet was eight feet long. The laws of Hammurabi are considered to be very ancient in the written laws of the world and he died before Jesus (peace be upon him), after which the laws were compiled in the Bible which are considered inspired. In the article under review, an attempt has been made to compare some of the laws of Hammurabi and the Bible to find out how similar and different their laws are.
Hammurabi,Old Testament , Laws , Code, Jesus.
INTERSECTION OF RITUAL PRACTICE AND SOCIAL IDENTITY IN ANCIENT GREEK RELIGION
In ancient Greek society, religion was not merely a matter of personal faith or individual spirituality; it was a deeply ingrained aspect of public and private life that permeated every layer of society. Ritual practices, including sacrifices, festivals, and mystery cults, were central to the expression of Greek religiosity. These rituals were not just religious acts but also powerful tools for constructing and reinforcing social identities. This paper explores the intersection of ritual practice and social identity in ancient Greek religion, focusing on how these practices shaped gender roles, civic identity, and social hierarchies.
Ancient Greek Religion, Ritual Practice, gender roles, mystery cults, Social Identity.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF DRUGS (NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL LAWS) WITH ISLAMIC LAWS
This study provides a comprehensive legal analysis of drug-related laws at both national and international levels, with a comparative examination of Islamic legal perspectives. It explores how different countries legislate against the production, distribution, and consumption of narcotics, focusing on the alignment and divergence between international treaties, such as the United Nations Conventions, and local legislation, particularly in Pakistan. Furthermore, the paper delves into Islamic jurisprudence on intoxicants, emphasizing the principles derived from the Qur'an, Hadith, and the consensus of scholars. The research highlights the effectiveness, challenges, and moral foundations of legal frameworks addressing drug abuse, while offering a critical comparison between secular and religious legal systems. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute towards a more ethical and effective legal approach to drug control by bridging modern law and Islamic principles.
Drug Laws,Islamic Law,Shariah Narcotics Control, Legal Analysis,Qur'an and Hadith Criminal Law,United Nations Drug Conventions.
THE OBLIGATIONS OF PROMISE AND MUTUAL PROMISE A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC JURISPRUDENCE AND PAKISTANI LEGAL FRAMEWORK
This study examines the concept of promises "الوعد" and mutual promises "المواعدة" in Islamic jurisprudence and their comparison with the Pakistani legal system. It provides a detailed exploration of the linguistic and terminological definitions of promises, alongside the interpretations of Islamic scholars from various schools of thought, such as Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi'i, and Hanbali. The research highlights the differences in the understanding of promises between Islamic jurisprudence and the Pakistani Contract Act of 1872, emphasizing the obligations, permissibility, and enforceability of promises. Points of convergence include the prohibition of fulfilling promises involving unlawful acts, while notable divergences are observed regarding the enforceability of promises, where Islamic law typically considers them morally binding but not judicially enforceable except in specific cases, whereas Pakistani law mandates judicial enforceability. The study concludes with a comparison of the standards set by Islamic principles and the provisions of Pakistani civil law, focusing on areas of alignment and disagreement, and discussing the implications for financial and contractual practices in Islamic institutions operating within Pakistan.
Promise, Mutual Promise, Islamic Jurisprudence, Pakistani Law, Contract Law, Enforcement of Promises, Civil Law Comparison.
ANALYSIS OF ZOROASTRIANISM'S EFFECTS ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
This paper examines the influence of Zoroastrianism on the development of international trade and its intersections with Islamic teachings. Zoroastrianism, one of the world’s oldest monotheistic religions, emphasized ethical commerce, mutual trust, and the protection of trade routes, laying a foundation for early economic interactions across regions such as Persia, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. With the advent of Islam in the 7th century, many of these principles were embraced, modified, and expanded upon within the framework of Islamic ethics. Islamic teachings on trade—such as fairness, honesty, and the prohibition of exploitative practices—align closely with the Zoroastrian focus on justice and social harmony in commerce. This study explores how Zoroastrian traders contributed to the Silk Road and other networks and how Islamic principles later shaped these practices into a cohesive framework that influenced trade across the medieval Islamic world. The analysis highlights the continuity and transformation of trade ethics, fostering intercultural dialogue and economic connectivity.
Zoroastrianism, Islamic teachings, international trade, trade ethics, economic history, Persia, religious influence.
SHAHZAD MANZAR'S NOVEL"THE LONELY TRAVELER OF DARK NIGHT"A CRITICAL REVIEW
One notable figure in Urdu literature is Shehzada Manzar, who is especially well-known for his work as a writer and journalist in Pakistan. His writings span a number of genres, including critical articles that analyse human experiences and social conventions, short stories, and a well-known novelette. Manzar is a key figure in modern Urdu literature because of his writing, which is distinguished by a profound comprehension of the intricacies of social issues and human emotions. The title of his novelette is the subject of a thorough analysis in this research paper, which also examines the cultural ramifications and layers of significance it contains. The study looks at how Manzar's story captures the complex social dynamics of Pakistan, especially with regard to mental health. It draws attention to the stigma associated with mental health conditions and stresses the importance of candid communication in promoting empathy and understanding. The report emphasises the significance of mental health as a crucial component of societal health by addressing these themes. The study also explores the urgent need for open dialogue around sexual issues in Pakistani society. Since these discussions are frequently frowned upon, many people feel alone and unsupported. These conversations are sparked by Manzar's writing, which promotes an environment in which people can open up about their experiences without worrying about being judged. According to the research, recognising and addressing sexual and mental health issues are crucial for both individual recovery and the advancement of society as a whole.This report, seen critically, promotes a change in society that would embrace and assist people who are dealing with mental health issues and sexual trauma. It urges everyone to work together to remove the obstacles preventing candid discussions in order to foster a society that is more caring and inclusive. In the end, the research's conclusions show how important literature is in shedding light on these important problems and opening the door to a more wholesome and compassionate society. Shehzada Manzar's work is one example of this.
Shehzada manzar's,social conventions, mental health, shedding light, poet literature.
A GLANCE ON THE JOURNEY FOR ISLAMIZATION OF LAWS IN PAKISTAN
The process Islamization is not of that high significance for the reason that almost all laws of the land are in accordance to the injunction of Islam. In this regard the first initiative was the formation of Federal Shariat Court, but that also was on some limited subjects. Except some of the laws in the land nearly all laws are in its original form and untouched, if any is done were just changing the name of the law or institution for instance there is no example in the history of Pakistan that anyone is stoned to death by Federal Shariat Court. Same is the case of interest in our system, in the far history of the state, so it can be said that the process of Islamization in Pakistan was not given the paramount importance and was nothing more than the creation of offices and giving favour to the people in the good list.
Islamization, Legal System, Federal Shariat Court and Criminal Laws.
RAZA ULLAH HAIDER STATUS AND RELICS ( A BIOGRAPHY)
Raza Ullah Haider is one of the prominent poets of Urdu. He was born at 1/4L village of Tehsil & District Okara in 1961. His ancestors migrated to Pakistan from Jalandhar ( India). His father was the village Headman. His father died owing to electrocution when Raza was only six years old. He passed matriculation examination from Islamia High School, New Campus Okara. Afterwards, he cleared FSc from Government College Sahiwal and passed B.A exam from Government College Okara. He acquired Masters degree in English from FC College. Later he passed the examination of M.A Urdu and M.A Islamiat from Punjab University as private candidate. He retired as Principal Government Graduate College Okara in November 2021. At present, six poetic volumes are at his credit. Among them , five pertains to Glory and Idealisation namely " Madina yad aata hai , Shakh e Sana per mahkay phool, Zia e Harmain, Takreem and Salsabeel". The remaining one is an Ode bearing title" Zakham Gulab huay ". Zia e Harmain is the recipient of Presidential Award. His compendium of poems" Parcham Buland Rakhna " is currently being finalised. Four Mphil theses have been completed upon his poetry, out of which one is being delivered by the undesigned with the title of" Raza Ullah as a Poet ". He remained indulged in reading throughout his life and loved the books. Secondly, he gave priority to teaching and adored his profession. Raza Ullah Haider is blessed with multiple capabilities. He is a great teacher and human being. Raza Ullah Haider is also a religious scholar. His approach towards religion is quite modern. It is his specialty that he addresses religious issues with rationalism. In short , he deals religion with open frame of mind and heart. He became disciple of Peer Syed Manzoor Ahmad Shah when he was quite young. He belongs to " Arain " clan of Jalandhar. Several of his poetic verses have a reference of " Gulistan , Chamanistan and Paristan". His poetry is manifestation of allied poetic terminologies in vogue. I can say with authority that he is one of the great human beings of the 21st Century.
Raza ullah Hadir, grand parents, student, lecturer, poet, principal, retierment.
DEPICTION OF NATURAL SCENES IN MUSTANSAR HUSSAIN TARAR'S TRAVELOGUES
Mustansar Hussain Tarar stands as a preeminent travelogue writer in Urdu literature, having transformed the genre of travel writing. His travelogues of Pakistan's northern regions exhibit a distinctive style, capturing the beauty of nature in a remarkable manner. Tarar's works vividly depict mountains, rivers, forests, waterfalls, snowfields, towering peaks, and lakes, showcasing their splendor. His journeys encompass regions such as Deosai, Ratti Gali, Chitral, Hunza, Shimshal, and Fairy Meadows, among others. These travelogues reveal countless hues of nature, presenting the enchanting landscapes of northern areas with exceptional charm. The integration of these breathtaking scenes in his travel narratives is unparalleled in Urdu literature. Furthermore, his travelogues serve as guidebooks for tourists, playing a significant role in promoting tourism in Pakistan.
Mustansar Hussain Tarar, Urdu Safarnama, Urdu Travelogue, Urdu Adab, Travelogue, Literature, Nature.
THE STATUS AND IMPORTANCE OF EARNING A LIVELIHOOD IN ISLAM
Earning a livelihood is regarded as both a fundamental duty and a form of worship.Islam encourages its followers to engage in productive activities and to contribute positively to society.The Prophet Muhammad(peace be upon Him) has highlighted the value of hardwork and self-reliance,teaching that is better to work and earn ones living than to depend on others.The faith underscores the dignity of labour,emphasizing that seeking lawful earning is important for individual’s self respect,family support and social contribution,The Quran and Hadith repeatedly encourage Muslims to engage in honest and productive work,viewing it as means of maintaining economic independence and fulfilling ones obligation towards others.This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the significance and principles of earning a livelihood in Islam and explores the significance of lawful(halal) earnings and the balance between religious duties and worldly responsibilities.The conclusions to be drawn from this research underscores that haram earnings can lead to societal harm and corrupts the individual’s soul .The teachings advocate for a balance lifestyle that accommodates both spiritual growth and material well being. There arises some key questions about the religious obligations of earning that what is the significance of earning a livelihood in Islamic teachings?How does Islam balance religious duties and worldly responsibilities?How does Islam differentiate between lawful (halal) and unlawful(haram) earnings.
AN EXAMINATION OF THE IMPACT OF JUDAISM ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN THE LIGHT OF ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
Jewish principles and practices related to trade are examined, as well as their impact on the international level due to the contemporary practice of Jewish trade regulations. A comparison of Jewish commercial principles with Islamic commercial regulations is presented, considering historical context, religious texts, and modern manifestations of Jewish-influenced commercial practices. Furthermore, it analyzes how Islamic teachings intersect with these practices, highlighting areas of convergence or divergence. In addition, this study explores the multifaceted relationship between Judaism and international trade—highlights, which is contextualized in the ethical framework of Islamic teachings. Drawing from historical records, religious scriptures, and contemporary economic practices, it examines the influence of Jewish principles on world trade. Furthermore, the analysis extends to explore the compatibility of these principles with Islamic jurisprudence on business ethics, including concepts such as 'halal' (permissible) and 'haram' (forbidden). By examining the impact of Judaism on international trade in light of Islamic teachings, this research aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the intersection between religious traditions in shaping economic attitudes and promoting interfaith dialogue on trade practices in a globalizing world. Judaism on international trade through the lens of Islamic teachings, this research aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of the interplay between religious ethics and economic behavior.
Judaism, Islamic Commercial, International Trade, Globalizing, economic, 'halal' and 'haram'.
A RESEARCH REVIEW OF THE DIFFICULTIES AND PROBLEMS FACED BY IMPRISONED CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN
It is the fundamental right of every child to be equipped with the best of education. Unfortunately, due to lack of proper education and training, guardian supervision, children become victims of such people, or become addicted to crimes and commit such crimes as a result of which they have to be locked up in prison cells. They are warned, they are also protected from committing crimes, but they are deprived of the training, compassion of parents, teachers and guardians. In prisons, where they are lonely and miss their parents and relatives, they also have to face many other problems and difficulties such as: housing problems, economic problems, education and training problems, medical and health problems, recreation problems and sexual problems. Here such difficulties and problems are analyzed.
juvenile problems, Crimes, Rights, Analyzed Borstal Institute.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY ON THE COVID 19 STRATEGIES OF SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES 1`
The new coronavirus that produced the COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant influence on the economics, social fabric, and healthcare systems of South Asian countries. This study examines the epidemiology, readiness, and tactics of COVID-19 in the area, as well as its management. The research highlights the merits and limitations of different South Asian countries’ responses, analyzing them through qualitative analysis and comparative investigation. Important elements like age distribution patterns, immunization campaigns, testing capacities, and healthcare facilities are evaluated. The study also explores the difficulties vulnerable groups and high-density metropolitan regions confront, highlighting the necessity of efficient infectious disease management strategies. Through the integration of information from scholarly publications, government papers, and other sources, this study offers valuable perspectives on the dynamics of COVID-19 transmission and the effectiveness of mitigation strategies in South Asia.This paper explores the application of health behavior theory and health communication models in understanding and addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in South Asian countries. Utilizing the Health Belief Model (HBM) and various health communication frameworks, the paper examines factors influencing the adoption of preventive behaviors such as mask-wearing, social distancing, and vaccination. It also assesses the effectiveness of communication strategies employed by South Asian countries, emphasizing the importance of source credibility and cultural sensitivity. The study underscores the significance of researching COVID-19 techniques in South Asia due to the region’s unique challenges and diverse socio-cultural contexts. The analysis of COVID-19 analytical study results, the identification of socioeconomic variables impacting the virus’s severity and transmission, the assessment of the virus’s impact on the healthcare system, and the comparison of national government responses are the main areas of study. The study’s primary goal is to look into vaccination rollout tactics and related issues in South Asian nations, such as public awareness and financial concerns. Examining cooperation between South Asian nations and the global community, evaluating communication tactics for sharing COVID-19 information, and determining pertinent factors and indicators to comprehend the effectiveness of COVID-19 initiatives are some of the sub-objectives. The policies of South Asian countries can be compared to identify differences in policy responses, healthcare systems, and testing methodologies. Early on in the epidemic, improper facilities and governance issues resulted from the early relaxation of social separation regulations. It is difficult to determine the pandemic’s true impact because of differences in testing capability and healthcare infrastructure, even in spite of reduced case fatality rates (CFRs). The paper discusses the importance of localized lockdowns in densely populated hotspots to curb the spread of COVID-19. It highlights gaps in response preparedness, including shortages of hospital beds, ventilators, and standardized treatment protocols, exacerbated by economic constraints. One notable strategy for managing pandemics is the implementation of smart lockdown measures in Pakistan. Although the study acknowledges shortcomings in data quality and individual-level analysis, it emphasizes the importance of education in the fight against misinformation and vaccine reluctance. Despite obstacles, regional alliances and cooperative initiatives provide a chance to lessen the effects of COVID-19 and promote sustainable development in South Asia.
Covid19,south Asian , strategies, communicate ,lockdown, preparedness.
REFLECTION OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY IN THE TRAVELOGUES OF HAKIM MUHAMMAD SAEED
Hakim Muhammad Saeed authored numerous travelogues in the Urdu language. He was a renowned intellectual, writer, and expert physician. His professional commitments required him to travel extensively around the world, attending various conferences and dealing with other matters. Among the countries he visited were Russia, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Switzerland, Norway, China, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Germany, Korea, France, and numerous others. During his travels, Hakim Muhammad Saeed meticulously gathered information on the political, historical, social, cultural, educational, medical, geographical, and administrative aspects of each country. He incorporated these observations into his travelogues, providing a comprehensive view of each place. Particularly, he focused on documenting the lifestyle, culture, and civilization of the regions he visited. His travelogues are esteemed as valuable social documents of the various regions, offering deep insights into the cultural and societal frameworks of the places he explored. Through his detailed accounts, readers gain an understanding of the diverse cultural landscapes and societal structures of the countries he visited.
Hakim Muhammad Saeed, Urdu Safarnama, Urdu Travelogue, Urdu Adab, Travelogue, Literature, Culture.
ASSESSMENT OF JEALOUSY IN KINDERGARTEN STAGE (INTRODUCTION, THEORIES & REMEDIES)
Jealousy is a complex emotion experienced by both children and adults, encompassing feelings of pain, distress, sadness, despair, revenge, and hatred. The earliest and simplest signs of jealousy often begin in early childhood, particularly when a new sibling is born. In this scenario, the older child may feel jealousy toward the newborn, who receives special care and privileges. This initial experience of jealousy can persist throughout various stages of life.It is important to note that jealousy can manifest in different contexts. For instance, an individual might feel envious of a friend's academic or professional success, or of a colleague who performs better. In cases of illness, a person might feel jealous of someone who is physically and mentally stronger, or who is in a better economic and social position. Women may experience jealousy towards someone who is younger or more beautiful.Psychiatrists tend to interpret jealousy in two primary ways. Behavioralists view jealousy as a normal, healthy response that can motivate individuals to strive for what they lack. This perspective sees jealousy as a driving force that encourages individuals to improve themselves. The second interpretation, supported by the school of psychological analysis, regards jealousy as a negative and unusual feeling. This view suggests that jealousy can lead to aggressive behaviour and a desire to harm one's rival.
Jealousy, Emotion, Childhood development, psychological analysis, Envy.
AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF ECONOMIC ISSUES IN SELECTED URDU INTERPRETATIONS (TAFAASEER)
In contemporary discourse, a common misconception is that Islam does not offer a comprehensive economic system. While it is true that the Quran, the primary source of Islamic law, does not discuss economics in the detailed manner of specialized economic textbooks, it provides essential principles guiding various aspects of life, including economics. This research investigates these principles as derived from Quranic verses, examining how classical and modern Urdu exegeses interpret them. The study focuses on the economic principles within the Quran, using four major Urdu commentaries: Maariful Quran by Mufti Muhammad Shafi, Tafheem-ul-Quran by Maulana Maududi, Tibyan-ul-Quran by Allama Ghulam Rasool Saeedi, and Rooh-ul-Quran by Pir Karam Ali Shah Al-Azhari. These commentaries were selected to explore whether Urdu scholars interpret the relevant verses through an economic lens. The findings demonstrate that the Quran provides timeless and universally applicable economic principles. These principles, when derived by the commentators, show that the Quranic approach to economics transcends time and can be implemented in any era, offering an alternative to contemporary capitalist and socialist systems. The research concludes that Islam proposes a complete economic system based on these principles, as evidenced by the thorough and principle-oriented interpretations found in the selected Urdu exegeses. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of Islamic economics and highlights its relevance and applicability in modern times.
Islamic economics, Quranic principles, Urdu Tafasir.
CULTURAL AND SOCIAL ELEMENTS IN THE TRAVELOGUES OF BEGUM AKHTAR RIAZUDDIN
Begum Akhtar Riazuddin is a prominent travelogue writer in Urdu literature. Her notable travelogues include "Saat Samundar Paar" and "Dhanak Par Qadam." The distinctive feature of her travelogues is her simple and captivating narrative style. She has traveled to many countries around the world and has vividly described her travel experiences in her writings. The regions she explored include Tokyo, Moscow, Leningrad, London, Cairo, San Francisco, New York, Hawaii, Hong Kong, and Naples. In each country she visited, she meticulously depicted the local culture, traditions, and social life. Her travelogues provide comprehensive insights into the cultures and societies of these diverse regions.
Begum Akhtar Riazuddin, Urdu Safarnama, Urdu Travelogue, Urdu Adab, Travelogue, Literature.
INTEGRATED PERSPECTIVE OF SOCIAL MEDIA INFLUENCER, BRAND ENGAGEMENT, CONSUMER TRUST AND BRAND LOYALTY: A MEDIATION-MODERATION APPROACH IN PAKISTANI CONTEXT
The current study chose convenience sampling technique to sample the university students of Karachi. By using time displacement theory as a theoretical lens, the study confirms the excessive usage of social media decrease family socialization. The quantitative method is applied to prove research finding. Results also indicate that with excessive social media usage, the relationship with families might affected as students are already isolated from their families due to the tough schedule and studies burden.This research may also provide evidence to encourage family members to focus on their kids and minimize the communication gap which has been lingering due to excessive use of social media. This major impact on families not only shrinks the healthy family time but also shrinks socialization and face-to-face interaction among siblings and parents. Thus, the study advances its knowledge by analysing the perception, attitude, and behaviour toward social media with this assumption that it may hamper the quality of time with family.
social media, students, communication, families, and behaviour perception and attitude.
SOUTH ASIAN WOMEN IN POLITICS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPATION AND REPRESENTATION
The abstract summarizes the chapter's purpose of exploring legal laws in South Asia governing minimum participation of women on electoral lists. It also examines women's involvement in party activities and the public sphere, as well as methods proposed by parties to boost women's representation in party organizations. The abstract emphasizes the role of women's organizations and specific political parties in South Asia in empowering women. Overall, it underlines the chapter's goal of providing insights that will guide policies and actions for achieving gender equity in the region's political arena by critically analyzing existing structures and situational factors.
South Asia, Conflict, Pakistan, India, Geo Political, International Organization.
JURISPRUDENTIAL REVIEW OF "AL-TALFIQ BAYN-AL -MAZAHIB"
The contemporary era, characterized by the rapid evolution of civilization, the diversity of modern problems, and the abundance of new inventions, has significantly influenced various aspects of life, including Islamic jurisprudence. This has led to an increase in modern Shariah issues, necessitating a greater reliance on secondary sources of Islamic jurisprudence, such as Istihsan (juridical preference), Maslahah Mursalah (public interest), and Maqasid al-Shariah (objectives of Shariah). These principles have become more crucial than ever in addressing contemporary issues.One aspect of this broader discourse is Ifta bi madhab al-ghayr (issuing fatwas according to other schools of thought) and al-talfiq (combining elements from different schools of thought). These concepts are not confined to any specific chapter or section of Fiqh; rather, they represent a general and principled discussion that spans various domains, from Fiqh al-Ibaadat (jurisprudence of worship) and Fiqh al-Asra (jurisprudence of family matters) to Fiqh al-Muamalat (jurisprudence of transactions).Among the contemporary topics that have been examined is the integration found in Takaful (Islamic insurance). While there have been numerous attempts to address such issues, this paper highlights the significant contemporary topic of Takaful integration, emphasizing its relevance and application in modern Islamic jurisprudence.
Rules of Shari'ah, Talfiq Bayn-al -Mazahib,Zakat, Ushr,Ejtihad,Philosophy Justice,Al-Barr, and Taqwa.
ANALYZING THE POLITICAL DYNAMICS AND REGIONAL CONFLICTS IN SOUTH ASIA
With its diverse cultures, economies, and political systems, South Asia has long been plagued by intricate political dynamics and protracted regional conflicts. An analytical summary of the complex political environment and the interconnected conflicts that are common in South Asia is given in this paper.First, the historical background that influenced the current political dynamics is examined. The complex web of power struggles and alliances in the region is a result of a combination of factors including geopolitical rivalries, nation-building initiatives undertaken after independence, and the legacy of colonialism.The paper also explores the internal political dynamics of major South Asian nations, such as Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. It investigates the variables affecting electoral procedures, governance frameworks, and the influence of different political parties and interest groups on forming national policies.The study also looks into the widespread regional conflicts that have afflicted South Asia for many years. These conflicts take many different forms, from ethnic tensions like the Tamil-Sinhala divide in Sri Lanka to territorial disputes like the conflict in Kashmir between India and Pakistan. Furthermore, the stability of the region is seriously threatened by religious extremism and terrorism, with extremist factions in Pakistan and Bangladesh and organisations like the Taliban in Afghanistan escalating tensions.The impact of external players on political dynamics and efforts to resolve conflicts in South Asia is also assessed in this paper. These actors include major powers like the United States, China, and Russia as well as international organisations like the United Nations.
south asia, conflict, pakistan, india, geo political, international organization, saarc.
BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY OF SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES
The initiative known as the China Belt and Road Initiative was unveiled by Chinese President Jinping in 2013 and focus on the rebuilding the Silk Road Economic Belt and the twenty-first century Maritime Silk Road. The Initiative promoted job opportunities and development of infrastructure. This research paper examines the Belt and Road Initiative and its impact on the economy of South Asian countries including Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh , Bhutan and Nepal respectively. The independent variable includes the China investment and dependent variables are GDP growth, GDP Per Capita, employment, trade import, trade export, government effectiveness and external dept level. The research is conducted through quantitative method and the multiple regression analysis is used to analyze the impact of BRI on the economy of South Asian countries. The findings suggest that China BRI Investment has mixed impact on the economy of South Asian countries. The GDP growth and GDP Per capita has no significant impact, but the employment has a positive and significant impact .Additionally a moderate positive impact on trade import and export that indicating increasing economic activities. There is also a moderate relationship between BRI Investment , government effectiveness and the dept level .The analysis indicate that the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has mixed impact on the economies of South Asian countries.
Belt and Road Initiative, China Investment, South Asian countries.
PAKISTAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD U.S AND KEY INTEREST 1950-70
Pakistan and United State relations developed very next day after the birth of Pakistan 14th August 1947.United State was the most early state of the world whos rcognize the Pakistan very soon after the birth.Pakistan sign the SEATO and CENTO under the leadership of United State.United state become the close friend of Pakistan .U.S become the Cooperative state with Pakistan.United State become the key donor to the Pakistan.United state Help in many sectors such as education,culture economics and Politics.Paskistan Prime minister accept the United state offical invitation and rejecte the USSR invitation .Pakistani Prime Minister Liaquat Ali khan make the twenty three day long visit the U.S. In 1956 U.S President request the Pakistan Prime Minister to gave the Peshware air base.One of the main factor to close the United state was the USSR as communist Block.Second factor to close the U.S is the the U.K .Beacuse Pakistan get independence from the British Raj in the Sub Contientent.In 1960 Ayub khan grant the permission to the U.S to fly the Spy 2 from the Peshwar air base. In 1962 Pakistan and U.S realtions is cold due the defeat the Indai from China war.In 1970 Kissinger visit the Pakistan and secret visit the China to observe the Pakistan China relations natures .over all Pakistan Foreign policy toward U.S not successful in this period.
U.S , USSR ,SPY2 , SINO ,Communism, U.K.
ROLE OF RELIGION IN THE POLITICS OF PAKISTAN & INDIA
Pakistan's political trajectory has been strongly influenced by religion because the country emerged as a Muslim state. The situation can be divided into two stages: the pre-partition and post-partition eras. Islam was an effective means for political mobilisation during the pre-partition era, helping to establish a Muslim state. However, the leadership's emphasis on the role of religion greatly decreased once the political goal of nationhood was achieved. Because the people wanted a Muslim country and the leadership wanted a secular state, a dispute over ideology arose. The two-nation theory, which served as a basis for Pakistan, came to be defunct on August 11, 1947, when Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah stated in the public eye that religion was a matter for the individual and focused on the equality of all religions. The value of religion in Pakistan's political growth has been highlighted in different works, such as the 1962 Constitution, the Objectives Resolution, the Basic Principles Committee Report, and the anti-Ahmadiya riots.
Islam, Muslim, Pakistan's political, leadership's emphasis, secular state .
OBJECTIVES OF SHARIAH AND PREVALENT TAKAFUL
Allah Almighty granted through Hazrat Muhammad(ﷺ) humanity the rules related to society and economy, halaal and haraam, politics, justice and morality for the attainment of lasting prosperity and prosperity. This Shari'ah is a beautiful combination of comprehensiveness, perfection, and universality, which is the guarantor of prosperity for humanity till the Day of Judgment. Along with the rules of Shari'ah, Allah Almighty and the Beloved of God/ Prophet have made humanity prosperous with the benefits, advantages, and benefits of these issues. Knowing these purposes of Shari'ah makes it easier to follow them and the acts of worship are performed as the right of Allah Almighty. The aims of Shari'ah have been made one of the conditions of Ijtihad. The basic philosophy of financial acts of worship (Zakat, Ushr, Sadaqah, Atiyah) is to benefit the weaker members of society and alleviate their misery through the spirit of benevolence and compassion. The prevailing Takaful, which is based on the Qur'an and Hadith, teaches mutual sympathy, cooperation, and support (moral and financial support) in case of difficult situations and accidents of the members of the society, keeping in view the cooperation of Al-Barr and Taqwa.
Rules of Shari'ah,Takaful,Zakat, Ushr,Ejtihad,Philosophy Justice,Al-Barr, and Taqwa.
SEMANTIC AND PRONUNCIATION DEVIATIONS IN THE SPEAKING PRACTICES OF THE BALTI ENGLISH SPEAKERS AT UNIVERSITY OF BALTISTAN, SKARDU
The current study aimed at investigating the phonological and semantic variations between Balti English and standard British English. It further pinpoints the specific lexical and semantic features that characterize Balti English and investigates into the reasons behind the semantic and phonological effects. The current study employed qualitative research design to explore, investigate and identify the assumptions on the basis of the research questions. The data was collected through informal conversation, then the conversation between different people was documented and carefully listened over and over to detect the linguistic variation from Standard English. The researcher found that phonological deviations containing ungrammatical abnormalities in the pronunciation of different speakers, and variations in the meaning termed as semantic deviation were in common lingual practices among the Balti English speakers. There were ambiguity in words, sentences and phrases preferred by the Balti English speakers. It has been noticed that the speakers of English in Baltistan have established their own stereotypical English pronunciation due to their native phonological habits and have also follow their own semantic practices due to their native language semantic choices. The researcher recommends Balti English language as a variety of English for its phonological and semantic variations being practiced and understood in communication by the Balti English speakers in Baltistan.
Semantic, pronunciation, deviation, Balit English speaker, phonological, variation .